Неосознаваемые зрительные сигналы и непроизвольные реакции человека
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2021-2-4-352-377Ключевые слова:
зрение, восприятие, маскировка, осознаваемый стимул, неосознаваемый стимул, мимика, вызванные потенциалы, принятие решений, целенаправленная деятельностьАннотация
В статье представлены психофизиологические исследования восприятия осознаваемой и неосознаваемой информации в процессе целенаправленной деятельности человека. Этот важнейший раздел сенсорной физиологии рассмотрен нами на примере восприятия изображений, содержащих осознаваемые и неосознаваемые (скрытые) лица. Разработаны методы маскировки сигналов (изображений лиц). Для решения поставленной задачи развиты методы выявления неосознаваемого восприятия по непроизвольным реакциям человека с помощью объективных физиологических методов интегративной оценки состояния человека. Особое внимание в статье уделено проблеме различий в передаче информации по крупноклеточным и по мелкоклеточным нейронным путям из сетчатки в подкорковые ядра: в наружное коленчатое тело, верхние бугры четверохолмия, в пульвинар, в амигдалярный комплекс и в гипоталамус. Детально обсуждается дальнейший анализ поступившей информации в дорзальной затылочно-теменно-лобной крупномасштабной нейронной сети и в вентральной затылочно-височно-лобной сети. Предложены некоторые алгоритмы описания работы этих нейронных сетей. С помощью психофоизологических методов регистрации движения глаз, ЭЭГ и фМРТ выявлены маркеры неосознаваемого восприятия. Экспериментально установлено влияние неосознаваемого восприятия на принятие решений, осуществляемых в нейронных сетях префронтальной коры. Предложена модель оппонентных взаимодействий вентральной и дорзальной нейронных сетей и реципрокных отношений нейронных сетей различных структур префронтальной коры. Выдвинуто предположение о том, как взаимосвязь осознаваемого и неосознаваемого восприятия обеспечивает принятие решения и эффективность целенаправленного поведения человека.
Библиографические ссылки
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