Обучение и память у дрозофилы: роль мутации white
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2023-4-1-91-102Ключевые слова:
дрозофила, мутация white, обучение, память, условно-рефлекторное подавление ухаживанияАннотация
С момента открытия Т. Х. Морганом в 1910 г. ген white дрозофилы стал одним из наиболее интенсивно изучаемых и широко использовался в качестве генетического маркера. Многочисленные ключевые научные открытия были сделаны с привлечением трансгенных линий Drosophila melanogaster, многие из которых сконструированы на генетическом фоне мутантных линий white. Кодируемый геном white ABC-переносчик критически важен не только для биосинтеза глазных пигментов, но и для транспортировки многих молекулярных субстратов, в том числе биогенных аминов и нейротрансмиттеров. Этим обусловлен тот факт, что данная мутация приводит к образованию сложного фенотипа, затрагивающего не только нарушения зрения, но и двигательную и половую активность, устойчивость к действию стресса, способность к обучению и формированию памяти. Ген white играет роль в нескольких парадигмах обучения, ухудшая оперантное обучение и не затрагивая ольфакторное. Цель данной работы состояла в оценке роли мутации w1118 дрозофилы в обучении и формировании памяти в парадигме условно-рефлекторного подавления ухаживания, основанного на ольфакторных стимулах. Впервые показано, что мутантная линия w1118 является способной к обучению и характеризуется нормальным протеканием процессов среднесрочной и долгосрочной памяти, как в нормальных условиях, так при воздействии теплового шока.
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