Психосоциальный стресс перенаселенности (скученности): негативные последствия для организма человека и грызунов

Авторы

  • Елена Владимировна Лосева Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-670X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2021-2-1-33-40

Ключевые слова:

психосоциальный стресс, перенаселенность, общество, скученность, грызуны, нервная система, поведение, моноамины мозга, иммунитет

Аннотация

Обзор посвящен анализу литературных и собственных данных о негативных последствиях психосоциального стресса перенаселенности в обществе для организма человека, а также о влиянии скученности (экспериментальной модели перенаселенности) в условиях вивария на организм грызунов (крыс и мышей). Наибольшее внимание при анализе экспериментальных работ, в том числе и собственных, на грызунах уделено влиянию скученности на общее состояние организма, развитие стресс-реакции, содержание моноаминов и их метаболитов в мозге, состояние иммунной системы — цитокиновый профиль и интерфероновый статус. Сделано заключение, что долговременная скученность у грызунов (главным образом крыс) в условиях вивария является мощным стрессором, при котором ухудшается общее состояние организма, развивается тревожно-депрессивное поведение, нарушается деятельность гипоталамо-гипофизарно-адреналовой системы, происходит дисбаланс моноаминов и их метаболитов в ряде структур мозга, снижается иммунитет. В собственных экспериментах применялась интенсивная стрессовая модель скученности в ограниченном пространстве, при которой крысы-самцы после месяца жизни в стандартных условиях вивария (4–6 особей в клетке) помещались в скученные условия (15–17 особей в клетке) на длительное время (две недели). Предполагается, что такая модель может быть использована для доклинической оценки анксиолитических, антидепрессивных, иммуномодулирующих и других свойств различных биологически активных веществ и препаратов, которые могут быть полезны для коррекции негативных последствий долговременных психосоциальных стрессов.

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Опубликован

27.05.2021

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