Двигательная дисфункция нетравматического генеза
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2021-2-3-261-278Ключевые слова:
соматическая дисфункция, боль в спине, боль в суставах, нейропластичность, остеопатия, мотонейрон, спинной мозг, супраспинальный контроль, афферентацияАннотация
Ряд современных аспектов двигательного поведения и условий жизни накладывают отпечаток на характер двигательной активности человека. Например, повсеместное использование транспортных средств приводит к ограничению полноценной подвижности, длительное пребывание в статическом положении меняет нервно-мышечную активность и вызывает развитие болевых синдромов. Около 90% людей испытывают ограничение подвижности и боль в спине или суставах конечностей. Однако, на сегодняшний день этиопатогенез болевых синдромов опорно-двигательного аппарата нетравматического генеза остается малоизученным, несмотря на то, что актуальность вопроса крайне высока. В данном обзоре разбирается научная литература о функциональной природе таких состояний, в основе которых лежат двигательные дисфункции. Доказывается, что при этом происходят системные функциональные и структурные изменения нейронального аппарата спинного и головного мозга. Приводится исторический экскурс в изучение данной проблемы, сопоставление клинических признаков и методов лечения. Обсуждается роль афферентации, спинальных и супраспинальных механизмов в развитии двигательных дисфункций нетравматического генеза. Предполагается, что дальнейшее изучение на экспериментальных моделях значения отдельных афферентных систем в реорганизации нейронного аппарата спинного мозга, а также возможных внутрисегментарных и межсегментарных рефлекторных влияний, поможет разобраться в патофизиологических основах развития двигательной дисфункции с целью разработки эффективных методов профилактики и лечения.
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