Организация некодирующих элементов в геномах птиц
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2022-3-2-185-203Ключевые слова:
организация генома, некодирующие ДНК, повторяющиеся последовательности, гетерохроматин, повторы высокого порядкаАннотация
Обзор посвящен характеристике некодирующих элементов в геномах птиц. Как и большинство живых организмов, птицы в своем геноме несут значительное количество некодирующих последовательностей, которые, по формальным причинам, не могут быть отнесены к категории генов. Традиционно к таким элементам принято относить участки ДНК, выполняющие структурные функции, которые отличаются высоким уровнем консерватизма, а также значительное количество последовательностей, в том числе повторяющихся элементов, функции которых до сих пор не выяснены. В контексте общей характеристики тандемных повторяющихся элементов в геномах птиц особое внимание уделено различиям в количестве копий отдельных повторяющихся элементов. Интересно, что это непосредственно коррелирует с сокращением размеров геномов у птиц. В обзоре подробно описано участие повторяющихся последовательностей в структурной и функциональной организации центромерных и теломерных районов с акцентом на особенности организации перицентромерного и субтеломерного гетерохроматина и их отличия от собственно центромерных и теломерных последовательностей. Данные о распространенности в геномах птиц различных повторов и особенностях их организации соотнесены с уровнем их консерватизма и ролью в поддержании структурной и функциональной организации генома.
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