Organisation of non-coding elements in avian genomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2022-3-2-185-203Keywords:
genome organization, non-coding DNA, repetitive sequences, heterochromatin, high-order repeatsAbstract
The review focuses on non-coding elements in bird genomes. Like most living organisms, birds
carry a significant number of non-coding sequences in their genome. Technically, these sequences cannot be
classified as genes. They include DNA regions with structural functions and high level of conservatism
as well as a considerable number of sequences, including repetitive fractions, whose functions are not yet
known. Apart from a general overview of tandem repeats in avian genomes, the paper provides a special focus
on differences in copy number of individual repeats. Interestingly, this number directly correlates with
a reduction in genome size in birds. Besides, the review provides a detailed description of how repetitive
sequences are involved in structural and functional organisation of centromeric and telomeric regions with
a special emphasis given to the organisation of pericentromeric and subtelomeric heterochromatin. It also
describes what makes these regions different from centromeric and telomeric sequences per se. The data on
the distribution of repeats in bird genomes and their specific organisation are compared with the level of their
conservatism and their role in maintaining structural and functional organisation of the genome.
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