Physiological effects of Semax, a synthetic analogue of ACTH4–10: Experience and prospects for applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2022-3-2-204-220Keywords:
semax, prolyl-glycyl-proline, nootropics, neuroprotectors, gastroprotective effects, neurotrophic factors, synactonesAbstract
Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, MEHFPGP) is a synthetic analog of adrenocorticotropic hormone 4–10 (ACTH4–10, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly, MEHFRWG). Semax is more resistant to proteases than its natural counterpart. In clinical practice, this peptide is used as a nootropic and neuroprotective agent, mainly for the prevention and correction of the consequences of cerebrovascular accidents. In animal experiments with different experimental models of pathology, Semax had a positive effect not only on the brain, but also on the stomach, intestines, pancreas, heart and liver. The mechanisms of its action are still under study. Semax was shown to have a significant impact on the expression of genes associated with the immune response, inflammation, DNA repair, neurotransmission, the functioning of the vascular system, the regulation of calcium and neurotrophic factors in cells, etc. The peptide counteracts the disruption of gene expression caused by such pathological factors as stress and ischemia. As Semax degrades in the body, it can form biologically active fragments. This may significantly expand the regulatory potential of the original molecule. The purpose of this review is to analyse experimental data on the effects and possible mechanisms of action of Semax, including those that go beyond its traditional use in medical practice.
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