Dysfunction of arteries and microcirculatory vessels in rats with metabolic syndrome caused by a diet high in fructose
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2022-3-4-500-507Keywords:
metabolic syndrome, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), endothelial dysfunction, fructose load, nitric oxideAbstract
We studied the initial changes in the cardiovascular system of young Wistar rats when modeling the metabolic syndrome using fructose load. The experimental group showed signs of metabolic syndrome: hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and arterial hypertension. Changes in the mesenteric arteries were revealed: an increase in reactivity to phenylephrine and a weakening of acetylcholine-induced dilatation, which is explained by a decrease in endothelial NO production. This was compensated to some extent by increased production of endothelial hyperpolarizing factor, which realizes its effect through the activation of Ca2+-sensitive K+-channels of intermediate conduction. Arterial smooth muscle cells in rats showed changes induced by fructose load: inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase. In the MCR skin of rats that received fructose load, perfusion remained at the level characteristic of rats in the control group, while an increase in neurogenic tone and a weakening of the endothelium-dependent tone of skin microvessels was found. A decrease in NO production in the MCR vessels was also shown, which is compensated by the production of other vasodilating factors by the endothelium.
References
Bertram, C. E., Hanson, M. A. (2001) Animal models and programming of the metabolic syndrome. British Medical Bulletin, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/60.1.103 (In English)
Bovolini, A., Garcia, J., Andrade, M. A. et al. (2021) Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology and predisposing factors. International Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1263-0898 (In English)
Clements, M. L., Banes, A. J., Faber, J. E. (1997) Effect of mechanical loading on vascular α1D- and α1B-adrenergic receptor expression. Hypertension, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1156–1164. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.29.5.1156 (In English)
Da Silva, A. A., do Carmo, J. M., Li, X. (2020) Role of Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in hypertension: Metabolic syndrome revisited. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.066 (In English)
DeBoer, M. D. (2019) Assessing and managing the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 8, article 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081788 (In English)
Estadella, D., Oyama, L. M., Dâmaso, A. R. et al. (2004) Effect of palatable hyperlipidic diet on lipid metabolism of sedentary and exercised rats. Nutrition, vol. 20, no. 2. pp. 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2003.10.008 (In English)
Félétou, M., Köhler, R., Vanhoutte, P. M. (2012) Nitric oxide: Orchestrator of endothelium-dependent responses. Annals of Medicine, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 694–716. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890.2011.585658 (In English)
Hert, K. A., Fisk, P. S., Rhee, Y. S., Brunt, A. R. (2014) Decreased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages improved selected biomarkers of chronic disease risk among US adults: 1999 to 2010. Nutrition Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2013.10.005 (In English)
Johnson, R. J., Segal, M. S., Sautin, Y. et al. (2007) Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 899–906. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17921363 (In English)
Koo, H.-Y., Wallig, M. A., Chung, B. H. et al. (2008) Dietary fructose induces a wide range of genes with distinct shift in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in fed and fasted rat liver. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta—Molecular Basis of Disease, vol. 1782, no. 5, pp. 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.02.007 (In English)
Lee, A. M., Gurka, M. J., DeBoer, M. D. (2016) Trends in metabolic syndrome severity and lifestyle factors among adolescents. Pediatrics, vol. 137, no. 3, article e20153177. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3177 (In English)
Litwin, M., Kułaga, Z. (2021) Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary hypertension. Pediatric Nephrology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 825–837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04579-3 (In English)
Moreno-Fernández, S., Garcés-Rimón, M., Vera, G. et al. (2018) High fat/high glucose diet induces metabolic syndrome in an experimental rat model. Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 10, article 1502. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101502 (In English)
Oron-Herman, M., Kamari, Y., Grossman, E. (2008) Metabolic syndrome: Comparison of the two commonly used animal models. American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1018–1022. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2008.218 (In English)
Rotar, O. P., Libis, R. A., Isaeva, E. N. et al. (2012) Rasprostranennost’ metabolicheskogo sindroma v raznykh gorodakh RF [Metabolic syndrome prevalence in Russian cities]. Rossijskij kardiologicheskij zhurnal — Russian Journal of Cardiology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 55–62. (In Russian)
Rodríguez-Correa, E., González-Pérez, I., Clavel-Pérez, P. I. et al. (2020) Biochemical and nutritional overview of diet-induced metabolic syndrome models in rats: What is the best choice? Nutrition & Diabetes, vol. 10, no. 1, article 24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-020-0127-4 (In English)
Saklayen, M. G. (2018) The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Current Hypertension Reports, vol. 20, no. 2, article 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z (In English)
Serbis, A., Giapros, V., Galli-Tsinopoulou, A. (2020) Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Is there a universally accepted definition? Does it matter? Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 462–470. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2020.0076 (In English)
Sheludiakova, A., Rooney, K., Boakes, R. A. (2012) Metabolic and behavioural effects of sucrose and fructose/ glucose drinks in the rat. European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-011-0228-x (In English)
Spieker, L. E., Noll, G., Ruschitzka, F. T. et al. (2000) Working under pressure: The vascular endothelium in arterial hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension, vol. 14, no. 10-11, pp. 617–630. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001012 (In English)
Tziomalos, K., Athyros, V. G., Karagiannis, A. et al. (2010) Endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome: Prevalence, pathogenesis and management. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2009.08.006 (In English)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Inna A. Tsareva, Galina T. Ivanova, Gennady I. Lobov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The work is provided under the terms of the Public Offer and of Creative Commons public license Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows an unlimited number of persons to reproduce and share the Licensed Material in all media and formats. Any use of the Licensed Material shall contain an identification of its Creator(s) and must be for non-commercial purposes only.
