The Influence of Adaptive and Innate Immunity Molecules on the Synaptic Activity of the Vestibular Epithelium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2023-4-1-111-121Keywords:
vestibular apparatus, hair cells, glutamatergic synapse, neuroimmunomodulation, interferon, defensin, opiate receptorsAbstract
Synaptic processes in the vestibular epithelium are modulated by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors, including the active molecules of innate and adaptive immunity. Normally, the number of immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the cochlea and vestibular organs is extremely low, but they increase significantly in pathology. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon α2b (IFN) and the endogenous neutrophil antibiotic defensin (DEF) on glutamatergic synaptic transmission using the method of multiunit recording of pulse activity of afferent fibers. IFN (0.2–40 ng/ml), depending on the concentration, caused an increase in the frequency of background pulse activity of afferent fibers, which at high concentrations was accompanied by a subsequent decrease in the frequency of discharges. DEF (0.001–10 nM) displays the opposite effect, lowering the frequency of resting pulse activity of afferent fibers by 30%. Both substances reduced the amplitude of L-glutamate and NMDA evoked responses. The data indicate a multifunctional neuromodulating effect of the immune system on the synaptic processes of the inner ear. This suggests a range of different mechanisms that control the afferent flow from the vestibular organs to the central nervous system.
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