Effect of food consistency on bioelectric activity of chewing muscles in children with different types of occlusion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2025-6-2-190-197Keywords:
masticatory function, bioelectrical activity, distal occlusion, physiological occlusion, food consistency, asymmetry indexAbstract
Masticatory function plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the dentoalveolar system. Distal occlusion is associated with masticatory muscles dysfunction and can lead to functional overload. The effect of food consistency on the bioelectrical activity (BEA) of masticatory muscles across different occlusal types remains insufficiently studied. This study aims to assess the impact of food consistency on the BEA of masticatory muscles in children with physiological and distal occlusion. The study involved 52 children aged 7–12 years, comprising a control group of 25 with physiological occlusion and a study group of 27 with distal occlusion. The BEA of the right and left masseter muscles (m. masseter dexter and m. masseter sinister) was recorded during the mastication of a soft (bread) and a hard (hazelnut) food item using a Synapsis electromyograph. In addition, an asymmetry index was calculated to assess the difference in activity between the right and left masseter muscles. Children with distal occlusion demonstrated significantly higher BEA values when chewing hard food compared to the control group: right masseter — 360.2 (335.3–374.7) μV vs. 287.1 (269.5–300.5) μV; left masseter — 349.3 (320.6–358.9) μV vs. 275.1 (265.0–281.6) μV (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were also found during soft food mastication, though less pronounced. The asymmetry index was lower in children with distal occlusion, indicating relatively symmetrical muscle function and suggesting the engagement of central compensatory mechanisms. Food consistency has a significant effect on the BEA of masticatory muscles. The increased muscle activity observed in children with distal occlusion, particularly with hard foods, indicates functional overload and underscores the importance of early orthodontic intervention.
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