Vulnerability of human ontogenesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2025-6-3-226-238Keywords:
ecological risks of embryogenesis, critical periods of development, infertility, mutagens, teratogens, endocrine disruptorsAbstract
Ontogenesis is the process of an organism’s individual development from its inception to the completion of its life cycle, the most important component of which is continuation via offspring. It is characterized by stages that are sensitive to the adverse effects of external factors. Alongside hereditary factors, environmental risks constitute a significant component among the causes of developmental defects. Up to the 8th week of embryogenesis, major organ systems are established; even minor disruptions during this period can have serious consequences for postnatal health. Descriptions of intrauterine development linked to a weekly timeline allow the events of early embryogenesis to be correlated with dating conventions used in obstetric practice. This review synthesizes information on critical periods in human development, with an emphasis on the prevention of developmental and reproductive pathologies, to clarify the role of lifestyle factors in establishing the foundations of health for future generations. The characterization of primary risk factors for embryonic development and fertility preservation includes a description of their specific adverse impacts on human ontogeny. The material is presented in a format accessible to a broad audience and may be useful for developing educational exhibitions in schools. Such outreach may contribute to the preservation of population reproductive health and to reducing the incidence of non-hereditary congenital pathologies.
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