Physiological continuum of plasticity and pathology of the nervous system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2020-1-4-294-302Keywords:
integrative physiology, brain, neuroplasticity, hippocampus, molecular mechanisms, pathologyAbstract
The paper explores the concept of neuroplasticity and neuropathology continuum from the perspective of integrative physiology. The commonality and pleiotropicity of the mechanisms at molecular, synaptic, cellular, and network levels is associated with high adaptive plasticity of brain regions involved in its integrative function, including learning and memory (e.g., the hippocampus). However, the price of high plasticity is the selective vulnerability of these structures to pathology. Depending on the pathology, neuroplasticity can decrease (as a result of neuronal death and neurogenesis decline, e.g. in neurodegenerative diseases) or increase (aberrant plasticity during epileptogenesis). Along with its fundamental significance for understanding processes in normal and pathological brain, the concept of neuroplasticity continuum is practically important since it allows to assess the rationale for interfering in a specific process involved in brain disease pathogenesis as well as its normal, adaptive plasticity.
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