Dynamics of 15 heart rate variability parameters in an elite cross-country skier during 7-month detraining
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2026-7-2-267-288Keywords:
heart rate variability, clinostasis, active orthostasis, cross-country skiers, autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions, non-neuronal acetylcholine, regression of sports vagotoniaAbstract
Recording of heart rate variability (HRV) under clinostatic conditions revealed that in elite skier K. D., 7 months after the forced complete cessation of all training, the medians of 10 put of 15 clino-HRV parameters (TP, APHF, HF%, APVLF, APLF, RRNN, pNN50%, RMSSD, SDNN and MxDMn) decreased statistically significantly to the level characteristic of non-athletes, the medians of 3 parameters (VLF%, HR, SI) increaseв, and the medians of only 2 parameters (LF%, APLF/APHF) remained unchanged. Over the same period, 11 ortho-HRV parameters decreased to the level typical of non-athletes (TP, APHF, HF%, APVLF, VLF%, APLF, RRNN, pNN50%, RMSSD, SDNN and MxDMn), and the medians of 4 parameters (LF%, APLF/APHF, HR and SI) increased. Changes in clino- and ortho-HRV parameters are characterized by heterochrony. The first statistically significant changes in the medians of HRV parameters were observed as early as one month after the cessation of all training and increased gradually, reaching a plateau after 2–5 months. The cessation of training was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of the sympathetic division (SD) of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and, in particular, a decrease in the activity of the parasympathetic division (PD) of the ANS, including, presumably, a decrease in the synthesis of non-neuronal acetylcholine (NN-ACh), the presence of which, however, was still detectable in K. D. even after 7 months without training, although at a significantly reduced level. Thus, whereas the development of sports bradycardia, as is well known, requires many years of aerobic training, a relatively short period of time is sufficient for its regression — judging by the data from elite skier K. D., no more than 7 months in the complete absence of endurance training.
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