Глипролины — регуляторные пептиды с интегративным действием
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2687-1270-2020-1-4-303-316Ключевые слова:
глипролины, воспаление, регенерация, гастропротекторное действие, нейропротекторное действие, гиполипидемическое действие, нормогликемическое действиеАннотация
Глипролины (короткие пролин и глицин содержащие пептиды) — новый тип регуляторных пептидов, представляющий интерес как с точки зрения фундаментальной физиологии, так и для их использования в медицинских целях. Основное преимущество глипролинов — их относительная устойчивость к биодеградации и интегративность воздействия на организм. Первоначально последовательность аминокислот Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) была использована для повышения устойчивости такого нестабильного in vivo пептида, как адренокортикотропный гормон. Изучение собственных свойств PGP, а также его возможных метаболитов — GP и PG, показало, что все три пептида обладают широким спектром физиологических эффектов. В настоящее время биологическая активность показана также для N-ацетилированного PGP, циклического пролил-гидроксипролина, циклопролилглицина, ди-, три- и тетрапептидов, содержащих пролин и глицин с дополнительным включением аргинина или лейцина в различных положениях, N-концевого фрагмента инсулиноподобного фактора роста-1 — Gly-Pro-Glu. Полученные данные позволили выделить короткие пролин и глицин содержащие пептиды в отдельный класс регуляторных пептидов — глипролины. Были обнаружены эндогенные PGP и циклопролилглицин. Их наиболее вероятными источниками в организме считаются коллаген и инсулиноподобный фактор роста-1. Глипролины обладают нейропротекторным эффектом, защищают слизистую оболочку желудка от повреждений, регулируют процессы воспаления и регенерации, положительно влияют на гемостаз, проявляют гиполипидемическое и нормогликемическое действие. В статье обсуждаются физиологические эффекты глипролинов, их возможные эндогенные и экзогенные источники, механизмы действия и перспективы использования в медицине.
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